MORIAI ShihoExecutive Researcher, Cybersecurity Research Institute and Managing Director of Strategic Planning Oce, Strategic Planning DepartmentAfter graduating from University, she worked at NTT and Sony corporation. Entered NICT in 2012. Ph. D. (Engineer-ing).Figure 1 Dierent types of COVID-19 contact tracing applications adopted by countriesapan’s social and economic en-vironment is rapidly changing in response to the persistent COVID-19 pan-demic. Privacy-preserving data analysis is very important particularly in this period of coexistence with the coronavirus. Using data while protecting privacy is often chal-lenging. I will describe the COVID-19 con-tact conrming application developed in Japan as an example of this challenge. I will then show some of NICT’s privacy-preserv-ing data analysis technologies.■Contact conrming application Applications that use Bluetooth to track people in close contact with someone with or suspected to have COVID-19 began to be used overseas around March 2020. This led the Japanese government to launch its own effort to develop contact tracing ap-plications, which prompted a sequence of events: the Cabinet Secretariat established an Anti-COVID-19 Tech Team on April 6; the Ministry of Health, Labour and Wel-fare announced on May 8 that the Ministry and the Tech Team would jointly develop a COVID-19 contact tracing application using the API developed by Apple and Google as a base technology; and the COVID-19 con-tact conrming application (COCOA) was released for public use on June 19.Anyone can install COCOA on their smartphone on a voluntary basis. When two or more COCOA users come into close con-tact and stay within 1 meter of each other for more than 15 minutes, each other’s identiers (short-term, anonymous identiers that do not include any personal information) are ex-changed through Bluetooth and recorded on their smartphones. The recorded data is auto-matically erased after two weeks. If COCOA users take a COVID-19 test at a public health center and are notied to be COVID-19 pos-itive, they can optionally input their testing results into their COCOA Warnings are then sent to all COCOA users who have come into close contact with them without disclosing their identities.Different types of COVID-19 contact tracing systems have been adopted by differ-ent countries (Figure 1). The system Japan is using provides the highest level of privacy protection as it uses only anonymous iden-tiers and does not centrally collect any per-sonal data from individuals, including those who have tested positive. As of September 30, 17.78 million people approximately 14% of the Japanese population—has download-ed COCOA. Only 948 COCOA users have registered their COVID-19 positive testing results. The effectiveness of COCOA-based COVID-19 surveys is limited because partic-ipation and the reporting of positive testing results are on a voluntary basis.■ Privacy-preserving data analysis Technology capable of analyzing encrypt-ed data without rst decrypting it is a valu-able tool to protect privacy. NICT, which has been working on this technology for years, has issued several press releases related to this, including the January 14, 2016, *1 and the July 18, 2018, *2 In the project described in the second press release, we developed a method of analyzing encrypted medical data without revealing its content and prevent-ing irrelevant data from being included in the analysis. We then demonstrated that the method was effective in securely analyzing the statistical relationship between patients’ genetic data and their disease data without re-quiring a decryption process (Figure 2). We hope that these technologies will be imple-mented in the real world requiring the anal-ysis of encrypted big data during the time of the COVID-19 crisis.JEnhancing Social and Economic Systems to Cope with COVID-19 Outbreaks— Privacy-preserving data analysis —Figure 2 Privacy-preserving data analysis of medical dataHow NICT R&D Can Underpin COVID-19 Aected Society(Following pages are written in Japanese.)＊1 https://www.nict.go.jp/press/2016/01/14-1.html＊2 https://www.nict.go.jp/press/2018/07/18-1.htmlNICT NEWS 2020 No.66
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